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Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a time-limited treatment that encourages the patient to regain control of mood and functioning typically lasting 12–16 weeks.〔Frank J. Therapeutic factors in psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy 1971, 25, 350-61.〕 IPT is based on the principle that there is a relationship between the way people communicate and interact with others and their mental health.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) )〕 Interpersonal Psychotherapy of Depression was developed in the New Haven-Boston Collaborative Depression Research Project by Gerald Klerman, MD, Myrna Weissman, PhD, and their colleagues for the treatment of ambulatory depressed, nonpsychotic, nonbipolar patients.〔Cornes, C. L., & Frank, E. (1994). Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression. The Clinical Psychologist, 47(3), 9-10.〕 ==History== Interpersonal therapy began in 1969 at Yale University, where Dr. Gerald Klerman was joined by Dr. Eugene Paykel from London to design a study to test the relative efficacy of an antidepressant alone and both with and without psychotherapy as maintenance treatment of ambulatory nonbipolar depression.〔Weismann, M.M., (2006). A Brief History of Interpersonal Psychotherapy. Psychiatric Annals. 36:8.〕 IPT takes structure from contemporary Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approaches in that it is time-limited and employs homework, structured interviews, and assessment tools.〔Weissman, M. M, Markowitz, J. C., & Klerman, G. L. (2007). Clinician's quick guide to interpersonal psychotherapy. New York: Oxford University Press.〕 Yet the content of therapy was inspired by Harry Stack Sullivan's psychodynamic Interpersonal Theory (Sullivan, 1953, Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry). IPT focuses on a specific vulnerability to social stressors, such as differing role expectations in a dyadic relationship (Weissman, et al, 2007), but does not include a personality theory or attempt to conceptualize or treat personality (Prochaska, 1984, Systems of Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Analysis). This makes IPT quite distinct from its psychodynamic influence, which is fundamentally a personality theory. However, other theorists have developed contemporary Interpersonal psychotherapies that remain true to the psychodynamic origin. For example Benjamin's Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy (2006, Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy: An Integrative, Personality-Based Treatment for Complex Cases), allows for diffuse interventions from any range of orientations as long as they comply with the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Interpersonal Personality conceptualization, blocks reinforcement of maladaptive & regressive behaviors and teaches more adaptive ways of being. Over the past 20 years, IPT has been carefully studied in many research protocols, has been demonstrated to successfully treat patients with depression, and has been modified to treat other psychiatric disorders (substance abuse, dysthymia, bulimia) and patient populations (adolescents, late-life, primary medical care). It has primarily been utilized as a short-term (approximately 16 week) therapy, but has also been modified for use as a maintenance therapy for patients with recurrent depression.〔 From the beginning, IPT has been tested in various clinical trials 〔Klerman et al., Am J. Psychiatry 131: 186-191, 1974; Weissman et al., Am J. Psychiatry 136: 555-558, 1979〕 and found to be effective in treating acute episodes of depression and preventing or delaying the onset of subsequent episodes. A large multicenter collaborative study was conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), comparing IPT, CBT, imipramine and placebo. Results of the Collaborative Study were published in 1989,〔(Elkin et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46: 971-983)〕 demonstrating that IPT was quite effective in treating acute symptoms of depression during the first 6–8 weeks, with improvement in psychosocial function continuing after 16 weeks. Frank and her colleagues in Pittsburgh have demonstrated the efficacy of IPT as a maintenance treatment and have delineated some contributing factors. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「interpersonal psychotherapy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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